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Orange Order
The Loyal Orange Institution, more commonly known as the Orange Order, is an international Protestant fraternal organisation based primarily in Northern Ireland, with a significant presence in the Scottish Lowlands and lodges throughout the Commonwealth, as well as in the United States and Togo. It was founded in County Armagh in 1795, during a period of Protestant-Catholic sectarian conflict, as a Masonic-style brotherhood sworn to uphold the Protestant faith and a Protestant King. Its name is a tribute to the Dutch-born Protestant king William of Orange, who defeated the army of Catholic king James II at the Battle of the Boyne (1690). Its members wear orange sashes and are referred to as Orangemen. The Order is best known for its yearly marches, the biggest of which are held on or around 12 July ('The Twelfth').
Politically, the Orange Order is a conservative British unionist organisation〔(Unionist Forum statement ). Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland. 9 January 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2014.〕〔(Twelfth Resolutions 2013 ). Grand Orange Lodge of Ireland. Retrieved 12 July 2014.〕 with links to Ulster loyalism. It campaigned against Scottish independence in 2014.〔("Scottish independence: Orange Lodge registers to campaign for a 'No' vote" ). BBC News. 25 June 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2014.〕 The Order sees itself as defending Protestant civil and religious liberties, whilst critics accuse the Order of being sectarian, triumphalist and supremacist.〔 It has also been criticised for associating with loyalist paramilitary groups. As a Protestant society, non-Protestants cannot become members unless they agree to adhere to the principles of Orangeism and convert, nor can Protestants marry Catholics.〔"... No catholic and no-one whose close relatives are catholic may be a member." Northern Ireland The Orange State, Michael Farrell〕 Orange marches through mainly Catholic and nationalist neighbourhoods are controversial and have often led to violence.
==History==
(詳細はWilliam of Orange, the Dutch prince who became King of England, Scotland, and Ireland in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. In particular, the Institution remembers the victories of William III and his forces in Ireland in the early 1690s, especially the Battle of the Boyne.
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